Elevation Of Albuquerque New Mex

Majuscule of New United mexican states, United States

Country capital in New Mexico, United States

Santa Fe Ogha P'o'ogeh
State upper-case letter
La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís , New Mexico
Santa Iron'south downtown area
Flag Coat of arms
Etymology: Founded as Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís (Spanish)
Nickname: The City Unlike
Location in Santa Atomic number 26 County, New Mexico
Santa Atomic number 26 Location within New Mexico Show map of New United mexican states Santa Fe Location inside the United States Show map of the U.s.a.
Coordinates: 35°40′2″N 105°57′52″West / 35.66722°Due north 105.96444°W / 35.66722; -105.96444 Coordinates: 35°40′2″Northward 105°57′52″W / 35.66722°N 105.96444°W / 35.66722; -105.96444
State	United States
State	New Mexico
County	Santa Fe
Founded	1610; 412 years ago (1610)
Founded by	Pedro de Peralta
Named for	St. Francis of Assisi
Government
• Mayor	Alan Webber (D)
• Metropolis Council	Councilors Renee Villarreal Signe I. Lindell Carol Romero-Wirth Peter N. Ives Roman Abeyta Christopher Rivera JoAnne Acuity Coppler Michael Harris
Surface area ^[one]
• City	52.34 sq mi (135.57 kmⁱⁱ)
• Land	52.23 sq mi (135.28 km²)
• Water	0.eleven sq mi (0.29 kmⁱⁱ)
Peak	seven,199^[2] ft (ii,194 m)
Population (2020)^[iii]
• City	87,505
• Density	1,675.28/sq mi (646.83/km²)
• Metro	154,823 (Santa Fe MSA) ane,162,523 (Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas CSA)
Demonym(s)	Santa Fean; Santafesino, -na
Time zone	UTC−7 (MST)
• Summertime (DST)	UTC−half-dozen (MDT)
ZIP codes	87500-87599
Area code	505
FIPS code	35-70500
GNIS feature ID	936823
Primary airport	Albuquerque International Sunport ABQ (Major/International)
Secondary drome	Santa Fe Regional Drome- KSAF (Public)
Website	santafenm.gov

Santa Iron ( SAN-tə FAY, -⁠ fay; Spanish: [santaˈfe], Castilian for 'Holy Faith'; Tewa: Oghá P'o'oge; Northern Tiwa: Hulp'ó'ona; Navajo: Yootó) is the majuscule of the U.Due south. state of New Mexico. With a population of 87,505 at the 2020 census, it is the quaternary-largest city in New United mexican states.^[4] It is also the county seat of Santa Atomic number 26 Canton. Its metropolitan expanse is part of the Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas combined statistical area, which had a population of ane,162,523 in 2020. The city was founded in 1610 as the capital of Nuevo México , replacing the previous capital, San Juan de los Caballeros (most modern Española) at San Gabriel de Yungue-Ouinge,^[5] which makes information technology the oldest state capital in the United States. Information technology is too at the highest distance of any of the U.Southward. state capitals, with an pinnacle of 7,199 anxiety (2,194 m).^[6]

Santa Fe is widely considered one of the world's smashing art cities,^[seven] ^[viii] due to its many art galleries and installations, and information technology is recognized by UNESCO's Creative Cities Network. Its cultural highlights include Santa Fe Plaza, the Palace of the Governors, the Fiesta de Santa Fe, numerous restaurants featuring distinctive New Mexican cuisine, and performances of New Mexico music. Amongst its many fine art galleries and installations are the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, a gallery by cartoonist Chuck Jones, and newer art collectives such as Meow Wolf.

The surface area effectually Santa Fe was occupied for thousands of years by indigenous people who built villages several hundred years ago on the electric current site of the city. Information technology was known by the Tewa inhabitants as Ogha Po'oge ('white crush water identify').^[9] The proper noun "Santa Atomic number 26" means 'Holy Religion' in Spanish, and the metropolis's full proper name as founded remains La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís ('The Royal Town of the Holy Faith of Saint Francis of Assisi').^[x] ^[11]

Etymology [edit]

Before European colonization of the Americas, the expanse Santa Atomic number 26 occupied between 900 CE and the 1500s was known to the Tewa peoples as Oghá P'o'oge ('white shell water identify') and past the Navajo people every bit Yootó ('dewdrop' + 'water place').^[12] ^[xiii] In 1610, Juan de Oñate established the area every bit Santa Fe de Nuevo México , a province of New Kingdom of spain.^[thirteen] Formal Spanish settlements were developed leading the colonial governor Pedro de Peralta to rename the area La Villa Existent de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís ('the Royal Town of the Holy Faith of Saint Francis of Assisi').^[13] The Spanish phrase Santa Atomic number 26 is translated as 'holy religion' in English. Although more than commonly known equally Santa Fe, the city's full, legal name remains to this day as La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís .^[xiii] The full name of the metropolis is in both the seal and the flag of the city, although, equally pointed out past Associated Press in 2020, Assisi in Spanish is misspelled, reading Aśis instead of Asís .^[xiv]

The standard Spanish pronunciation of the city's proper noun is SAHN-tah-FEH , equally contextualized within the city'southward full Spanish proper noun La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís .^[15] ^[16] However, due to the large amounts of tourism and immigration into Santa Fe, an English pronunciation of SAN-tuh-FAY is too usually used.^[15]

History [edit]

Five Centuries of Settlement

Spain and Mexico [edit]

The area of Santa Fe was originally occupied past indigenous Tanoan peoples, who lived in numerous Pueblo villages along the Rio Grande. One of the earliest known settlements in what today is downtown Santa Fe came one-time subsequently 900 CE. A group of native Tewa built a cluster of homes that centered around the site of today's Plaza and spread for one-half a mile to the south and west; the village was called Oghá P'o'oge in Tewa.^[17] The Tanoans and other Pueblo peoples settled along the Santa Iron River for its water and transportation.

The river had a year-round menstruation until the 1700s. By the 20th century the Santa Atomic number 26 River was a seasonal waterway.^[18] Every bit of 2007^[update], the river was recognized as the most endangered river in the Us, co-ordinate to the conservation group American Rivers.^[19]

Don Juan de Oñate led the first Spanish effort to colonize the region in 1598, establishing Santa Atomic number 26 de Nuevo México every bit a province of New Spain. Under Juan de Oñate and his son, the capital letter of the province was the settlement of San Juan de los Caballeros north of Santa Fe near mod Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo. Juan de Oñate was banished and exiled from New United mexican states by the Spanish, afterward his rule was deemed cruel towards the indigenous population. New Mexico's second Spanish governor, Don Pedro de Peralta, nevertheless, founded a new urban center at the foot of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in 1607, which he called La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís, the Royal Boondocks of the Holy Faith of Saint Francis of Assisi. In 1610, he designated it as the capital letter of the province, which it has near constantly remained,^[20] making it the oldest state capital in the United States.

The trading post established in 1603

Lack of Native American representation within the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, New Spain (electric current New United mexican states's early government) led to the 1680 Pueblo Revolt, when groups of different Native Pueblo peoples were successful in driving the Spaniards out of New Mexico to El Paso, the Pueblo continued running New Mexico proper from the Palace of the Governors in Santa Atomic number 26 from 1680 to 1692. The territory was reconquered in 1692 by Don Diego de Vargas through the war campaign chosen the "Bloodless Reconquest" which was criticized as fierce fifty-fifty at the time, it was actually the following governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdez that truly started to broker peace, such as the founding of Albuquerque, to guarantee better representation and trade admission for Pueblos in New Mexico's government. Other governors of New United mexican states, such every bit Tomás Vélez Cachupin , continued to be improve known for their more than forward thinking piece of work with the indigenous population of New Mexico. Santa Iron was Espana's provincial seat at outbreak of the Mexican War of Independence in 1810. It was considered important to fur traders based in nowadays-twenty-four hours Saint Louis, Missouri. When the area was still nether Castilian rule, the Chouteau brothers of Saint Louis gained a monopoly on the fur merchandise, before the United States caused Missouri under the Louisiana Buy of 1803. The fur trade contributed to the wealth of Saint Louis. The urban center'southward status equally the uppercase of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México was formalized in the 1824 Constitution after United mexican states achieved independence from Spain.

When the Republic of Texas seceded from Mexico in 1836, information technology attempted to claim Santa Iron and other parts of Nuevo México every bit role of the western portion of Texas along the Río Grande . In 1841, a small military and trading expedition set out from Austin, intending to take control of the Santa Fe Trail. Known as the Texan Santa Fe Expedition, the forcefulness was poorly prepared and was easily captured by the New Mexican armed forces.

The states [edit]

Mapa de los Estados Unidos de Méjico , past John Distrunell, the 1847 map used during the negotiations of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

In 1846, the U.s.a. alleged war on Mexico. Brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny led the main torso of his Army of the W of some 1,700 soldiers into Santa Atomic number 26 to claim it and the whole New Mexico Territory for the United States. By 1848 the U.Due south. officially gained New Mexico through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Colonel Alexander William Doniphan, under the command of Kearny, recovered armament from Santa Atomic number 26 labeled "Kingdom of spain 1776" showing both the lack of communications and quality of military back up New Mexico received under Mexican dominion.^[21]

Later its looting, Texas claimed Santa Fe along with other territory in eastern New Mexico. Texas Governor Peter H. Bong sent a letter to President Zachary Taylor, who died before he could read information technology, demanding that the U.South. Regular army end defending New United mexican states. In response, Taylor's successor Millard Fillmore stationed additional troops to the area to halt any incursion by the Texas Militia.^[22] The territorial dispute was finally resolved by the Compromise of 1850, which designated the 103rd top west as Texas's western border.

Some American visitors at first saw petty hope in the remote boondocks. Ane traveller in 1849 wrote:

I can hardly imagine how Santa Fe is supported. The land around information technology is barren. At the North stands a snowfall-capped mountain while the valley in which the town is situated is drab and sandy. The streets are narrow ... A Mexican will walk about town all day to sell a bundle of grass worth about a dime. They are the poorest looking people I e'er saw. They subsist principally on mutton, onions and red pepper.^[23]

In 1851, Jean Baptiste Lamy arrived, becoming bishop of New United mexican states, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado in 1853. During his leadership, he traveled to France, Rome, Tucson, Los Angeles, St. Louis, New Orleans, and Mexico City. He built the Santa Iron Saint Francis Cathedral and shaped Catholicism in the region until his death in 1888.^[24]

Every bit part of the New Mexico Entrada of the Civil War, Full general Henry Sibley occupied the city, flying the Amalgamated flag over Santa Fe for a few days in March 1862. Sibley was forced to withdraw after Wedlock troops destroyed his logistical trains post-obit the Battle of Glorieta Laissez passer. The Santa Fe National Cemetery was created by the federal government after the state of war in 1870 to inter the Union soldiers who died fighting there.

Santa Fe, 1882, the railroad era

On Oct 21, 1887, Anton Docher, "The Padre of Isleta", went to New United mexican states where he was ordained every bit a priest in the St Francis Cathedral of Santa Fe by Bishop Jean-Baptiste Salpointe. Afterwards a few years serving in Santa Fe,^[25] Bernalillo and Taos,^[26] he moved to Isleta on December 28, 1891. He wrote an ethnological article published in The Santa Fé Magazine in June 1913, in which he describes early 20th century life in the Pueblos.^[27]

As railroads were extended into the West, Santa Fe was originally envisioned as an important stop on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. But equally the tracks were constructed into New Mexico, the civil engineers decided that information technology was more than practical to go through Lamy, a town in Santa Atomic number 26 County to the south of Santa Fe. A co-operative line was completed from Lamy to Santa Iron in 1880.^[28] The Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad extended the narrow estimate Chili Line from the nearby metropolis of Española to Santa Fe in 1886.^[29]

The reconstruction of the St. Francis Cathedral, with the plaza visible (1885)

Neither was sufficient to offset the negative effects of Santa Fe's having been bypassed past the master railroad road. It suffered gradual economical decline into the early 20th century. Activists created a number of resources for the arts and archeology, notably the Schoolhouse of American Enquiry, created in 1907 under the leadership of the prominent archeologist Edgar Lee Hewett. In the early on 20th century, Santa Atomic number 26 became a base for numerous writers and artists. The first aeroplane to wing over Santa Fe was piloted by Rose Dugan, carrying Vera von Blumenthal equally passenger. Together the two women started the development of the Pueblo Indian pottery industry, helping native women to market their wares. They contributed to the founding of the annual Santa Fe Indian Market.

In 1912, New United mexican states was admitted as the The states of America's 47th land, with Santa Fe as its capital.

20th century [edit]

1912 plan [edit]

In 1912, when the boondocks'south population was approximately 5,000 people, the city's civic leaders designed and enacted a sophisticated metropolis program that incorporated elements of the gimmicky City Beautiful motion, metropolis planning, and historic preservation. The latter was particularly influenced by similar movements in Germany. The plan anticipated express future growth, considered the scarcity of water, and recognized the futurity prospects of suburban development on the outskirts. The planners foresaw that its development must be in harmony with the urban center'south character.^[xxx]

Artists and tourists [edit]

After the mainline of the railroad bypassed Santa Iron, it lost population. However, artists and writers, besides equally retirees, were attracted to the cultural richness of the area, the dazzler of the landscapes, and its dry climate. Local leaders began promoting the city as a tourist attraction. The city sponsored architectural restoration projects and erected new buildings according to traditional techniques and styles, thus creating the Santa Iron Fashion.

Edgar Fifty. Hewett, founder and commencement director of the School of American Research and the Museum of New United mexican states in Santa Iron, was a leading promoter. He began the Santa Atomic number 26 Fiesta in 1919 and the Southwest Indian Off-white in 1922 (now known as the Indian Market). When Hewett tried to attract a summer programme for Texas women, many artists rebelled, maxim the urban center should not promote bogus tourism at the expense of its artistic culture. The writers and artists formed the Sometime Santa Fe Association and defeated the program.^[31]

Japanese-American internment camp [edit]

During World State of war II, the federal government ordered a Japanese-American internment campsite to be established. Beginning in June 1942, the Department of Justice arrested 826 Japanese-American men after the set on on Pearl Harbor; they held them most Santa Fe, in a former Civilian Conservation Corps site that had been acquired and expanded for the purpose. Although there was a lack of evidence and no due process, the men were held on suspicion of fifth column action. Security at Santa Iron was similar to a military prison, with twelve-foot spinous wire fences, baby-sit towers equipped with searchlights, and guards carrying rifles, side artillery and tear gas.^[32] By September, the internees had been transferred to other facilities—523 to State of war Relocation Authority concentration camps in the interior of the West, and 302 to Army internment camps.

The Santa Iron site was used next to agree German and Italian nationals, who were considered enemy aliens afterward the outbreak of state of war.^[33] In February 1943, these civilian detainees were transferred to Department of Justice custody.

The camp was expanded at that time to accept in 2,100 men segregated from the general population of Japanese-American inmates. These were mostly Nisei and Kibei who renounced their U.S. citizenship rather than sign an oath to "surrender loyalty to the Japanese emperor" (offending them, since they had no identification with the emperor & were being asked to enlist in fighting him while their Japanese-born parents were interned) and other "troublemakers" from the Tule Lake Segregation Center.^[32] In 1945, 4 internees were seriously injured when violence broke out between the internees and guards in an effect known as the Santa Fe Anarchism. The military camp remained open by the end of the war; the last detainees were released in mid 1946. The facility was closed and sold as surplus soon after.^[33] The army camp was located in what is at present the Casa Solana neighborhood.^[34]

Geography [edit]

According to the United states Census Bureau, the city has a total expanse of 37.four sq mi (96.nine km²), of which 37.3 sq mi (96.7 km²) are land and 0.077 sq mi (0.2 kmⁱⁱ) (0.21%) is covered past water.^{[ citation needed ]}

Santa Fe is located at vii,199 feet (2,194 m) above sea level, making it the highest land capital in the United states of america.^[two]

The Santa Fe River and the arroyos of Santa Fe drain the region to the Rio Grande.

Climate [edit]

Santa Fe's climate is characterized by absurd, dry winters, hot summers, and relatively low precipitation. Co-ordinate to the Köppen climate classification, depending on which variant of the organization is used, the city has either a subtropical highland climate (Cwb) or a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb), somewhat unusual at 35°N. With low atmospheric precipitation, though, information technology is more like to the climates of Turkey that fall into this category.^[35] ^[36] The 24-hour average temperature in the city ranges from thirty.three °F (−0.nine °C) in December to 70.1 °F (21.2 °C) in July. Due to the relative dehydration and elevation, boilerplate diurnal temperature variation exceeds 25 °F (14 °C) in every calendar month, and xxx °F (17 °C) much of the year. The metropolis usually receives six to eight snowfalls a yr between Nov and April. The heaviest rainfall occurs in July and August, with the arrival of the North American Monsoon.

Climate data for Santa Fe, New Mexico (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1972–nowadays), elevation seven,198 ft (2,194 one thousand)
Calendar month	Jan	February	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	November	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	65 (18)	73 (23)	77 (25)	84 (29)	96 (36)	99 (37)	99 (37)	96 (36)	94 (34)	87 (31)	75 (24)	65 (18)	99 (37)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	56.3 (13.v)	61.five (16.4)	70.ix (21.six)	77.7 (25.4)	86.1 (xxx.ane)	94.6 (34.eight)	94.8 (34.9)	91.vii (33.2)	87.iv (xxx.8)	79.7 (26.5)	67.3 (19.half-dozen)	56.3 (xiii.5)	96.one (35.6)
Boilerplate high °F (°C)	43.0 (6.1)	48.0 (viii.9)	56.6 (xiii.vii)	64.3 (17.9)	73.7 (23.2)	84.1 (28.9)	85.8 (29.9)	83.4 (28.6)	77.v (25.iii)	66.three (19.1)	53.0 (11.7)	42.vi (5.ix)	64.9 (18.3)
Daily mean °F (°C)	thirty.iv (−0.nine)	34.seven (1.5)	41.5 (v.3)	48.3 (9.1)	57.3 (xiv.1)	67.1 (19.five)	70.5 (21.iv)	68.six (20.3)	62.1 (sixteen.7)	fifty.viii (10.4)	38.7 (three.seven)	xxx.1 (−1.1)	50.0 (10.0)
Boilerplate depression °F (°C)	17.9 (−7.8)	21.three (−5.9)	26.4 (−3.1)	32.4 (0.2)	40.8 (4.9)	50.1 (ten.1)	55.1 (12.viii)	53.vii (12.1)	46.8 (viii.two)	35.4 (i.9)	24.4 (−iv.2)	17.half-dozen (−8.0)	35.2 (1.8)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	1.nine (−16.7)	5.7 (−fourteen.6)	10.vii (−11.8)	19.1 (−7.2)	26.nine (−2.viii)	37.8 (3.2)	46.6 (8.1)	45.3 (7.4)	34.3 (i.3)	20.iii (−half dozen.5)	8.iii (−thirteen.2)	−0.1 (−17.viii)	−4.1 (−twenty.1)
Record depression °F (°C)	−14 (−26)	−24 (−31)	−half dozen (−21)	10 (−12)	19 (−7)	28 (−2)	37 (3)	36 (two)	26 (−3)	five (−15)	−12 (−24)	−17 (−27)	−24 (−31)
Boilerplate precipitation inches (mm)	0.55 (14)	0.49 (12)	0.74 (19)	0.60 (15)	0.89 (23)	0.87 (22)	2.26 (57)	ii.04 (52)	1.39 (35)	1.34 (34)	0.79 (20)	0.83 (21)	12.79 (325)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	3.vii (ix.4)	ii.4 (6.1)	3.9 (9.9)	0.4 (1.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.3 (iii.3)	1.7 (4.3)	vi.8 (17)	20.two (51)
Average atmospheric precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	3.4	iii.6	4.three	three.ix	4.7	5.0	9.ix	10.one	six.1	four.8	3.7	4.3	63.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.one in)	1.7	1.two	1.2	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.four	0.vi	1.9	7.5
Source: NOAA^[37] ^[38]

Spanish and Pueblo influences [edit]

The Spanish laid out the city according to the "Laws of the Indies", town planning rules and ordinances which had been established in 1573 by King Philip Two. The key principle was that the boondocks be laid out around a central plaza. On its north side was the Palace of the Governors, while on the east was the church that later became the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi.

An important way implemented in planning the city was the radiating grid of streets centered on the key Plaza. Many were narrow and included small-scale alley-ways, but each gradually merged into the more casual byways of the agronomical perimeter areas. As the city grew throughout the 19th century, the building styles evolved too, so that by statehood in 1912, the eclectic nature of the buildings acquired it to await like "Anywhere Usa".^[39] The metropolis authorities realized that the economical decline, which had started more than twenty years earlier with the railway moving west and the federal government closing down Fort Marcy, might be reversed past the promotion of tourism.

To achieve that goal, the metropolis created the idea of imposing a unified building style – the Castilian Pueblo Revival expect, which was based on work washed restoring the Palace of the Governors. The sources for this style came from the many defining features of local architecture: vigas (rough, exposed beams that extrude through supporting walls, and are thus visible exterior too as inside the edifice) and canales (rain spouts cut into short parapet walls around apartment roofs), features borrowed from many old adobe homes and churches built many years earlier and found in the Pueblos, forth with the globe-toned look (reproduced in stucco) of the old adobe exteriors.

After 1912 this fashion became official: all buildings were to exist built using these elements. By 1930 there was a broadening to include the "Territorial", a style of the pre-statehood catamenia which included the add-on of portales (large, covered porches) and white-painted window and door pediments (and also sometimes terra cotta tiles on sloped roofs, only with apartment roofs still dominating). The city had go "different". However, "in the blitz to pueblofy"^[xl] Santa Iron, the city lost a great deal of its architectural history and eclecticism. Amongst the architects nearly closely associated with this new manner are T. Charles Gaastra and John Gaw Meem.

By an ordinance passed in 1957, new and rebuilt buildings, particularly those in designated historic districts, must showroom a Spanish Territorial or Pueblo mode of compages, with flat roofs and other features suggestive of the area's traditional adobe construction. However, many gimmicky houses in the city are congenital from lumber, concrete blocks, and other common edifice materials, but with stucco surfaces (sometimes referred to as "faux-dobe", pronounced as ane word: "foe-dough-bee") reflecting the celebrated mode.

Homes are territorial- or pueblo-style and stuccoed with flat roofs, 2011.

In a September 2003 report by Angelou Economics, information technology was adamant that Santa Atomic number 26 should focus its economic evolution efforts in the following seven industries: Arts and Culture, Pattern, Hospitality, Conservation Technologies, Software Development, Publishing and New Media, and Outdoor Gear and Apparel. Three secondary targeted industries for Santa Fe to focus evolution in are wellness care, retiree services, and nutrient & beverage. Angelou Economics recognized 3 economic signs that Santa Atomic number 26'due south economy was at risk of long-term deterioration. These signs were; a lack of business concern multifariousness which tied the city too closely to fluctuations in tourism and the government sector; the ancestry of urban sprawl, as a consequence of Santa Fe Canton growing faster than the metropolis, meaning people will move farther outside the city to find land and lower costs for housing; and an crumbling population coupled with a rapidly shrinking population of individuals nether 45 years old, making Santa Iron less attractive to business recruits. The seven industries recommended by the report "represent a good mix for short-, mid-, and long-term economic cultivation."^[41]

Architectural highlights [edit]

New Mexico State Capitol
Cathedral Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi, the mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe
Loretto Chapel
Palace of the Governors
San Miguel Mission and the rest of the Barrio De Analco Celebrated District
Santuario de Guadalupe
De Vargas Street House
New Mexico Governor's Mansion

Districts [edit]

Barrio De Analco Historic District
Don Gaspar Historic District
Santa Iron Historic Commune
Santa Fe Railyard arts district

Demographics [edit]

Historical population
Census	Popular.	%±
1850	4,846	—
1860	4,635	−4.4%
1870	4,756	two.six%
1880	6,635	39.5%
1890	half-dozen,185	−six.8%
1900	5,603	−ix.4%
1910	5,073	−nine.5%
1920	seven,326	44.4%
1930	11,176	52.6%
1940	xx,325	81.nine%
1950	27,998	37.8%
1960	34,394	22.8%
1970	41,167	19.seven%
1980	48,053	sixteen.7%
1990	52,303	8.8%
2000	61,109	16.eight%
2010	67,947	11.two%
2020	87,505	28.8%
U.S. Decennial Census^[43] ^[3]

Every bit of the 2020 demography, there were 87,505 people living in the city, up from 67,947 in 2010, equating to an almanac growth of close to 3%. Every bit per the 2010 census, the racial makeup of the city residents was 78.9% White, two.1% Native American; 1.four% Black, 1.4% Asian; and 3.vii% from two or more than races. A total of 48.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Not-Hispanic Whites were 46.ii% of the population.^[44]

As of the census^[45] of 2000, there were 62,203 people, 27,569 households, and fourteen,969 families living in the urban center. The population density was ane,666.i people per square mile (643.4/km²). There were xxx,533 housing units at an average density of 817.eight per square mile (315.eight/km²). According to the Census Agency'southward 2006 American Community Survey, the racial makeup of the city was 75% White, 2.5% Native American, 1.ix% Asian, 0.iv% African American, 0.iii% Pacific Islander, 16.9% from other races, and iii.i% from ii or more than races. Hispanics or Latinos of whatever race were 44.5% of the population.

There were 27,569 households, out of which 24.ane% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.vi% were married couples living together, 12.i% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.vii% were non-families. 36.four% of all households were made up of individuals living lone, and ten.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The boilerplate household size was ii.20 and the boilerplate family size was two.90.

The age distribution was 20.3% under 18, viii.9% from eighteen to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and thirteen.ix% who were 65 or older. The median age was forty years. For every 100 females, in that location were 91.7 males. For every 100 women historic period 18 and over, there were 89.0 men.

The median income for a household in the city was $40,392, and the median income for a family was $49,705. Men had a median income of $32,373 versus $27,431 for women. The per capita income for the metropolis was $25,454. About nine.5% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.ii% of those under historic period xviii and 9.two% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture [edit]

The Inn at Loretto, a Pueblo Revival-way building nearly the Plaza in Santa Fe, 2005

Santa Fe wall with landscape on doorway

The metropolis is well known as a center for arts that reflect the multicultural character of the city; it has been designated as a UNESCO Creative City in Blueprint, Crafts and Folk Fine art.^[46]

In 2012, the metropolis was listed amongst the 10 best places to retire in the U.South. by CBS MoneyWatch and U.S. News & World Report.^[47] ^[48]

Visual arts [edit]

The public sculpture Santa Atomic number 26 Current at Urban center Hall Park

Canyon Route, east of the Plaza, has the highest concentration of art galleries in the metropolis, and is a major destination for international collectors, tourists and locals. The Coulee Road galleries showcase a wide array of gimmicky, Southwestern, indigenous American, and experimental art, in addition to Russian, Taos Masters, and Native American pieces.

Since its opening in 1995, SITE Santa Fe has been committed to supporting new developments in gimmicky art, encouraging creative exploration, and expanding traditional museum experiences. Launched in 1995 to organize the only international biennial of gimmicky fine art in the United states of america, SITE Santa Fe has fatigued global attending. The biennials are on par with such renowned exhibitions every bit the Whitney Biennial and the Venice Biennale.^[49]

Santa Atomic number 26 contains a lively gimmicky art scene, with Meow Wolf as its main art collective. Backed past writer George R. R. Martin,^[50] Meow Wolf opened an elaborate art installation infinite, called Business firm of Eternal Return, in 2016.^[51]

There are many outdoor sculptures, including many statues of Francis of Assisi, and several other holy figures, such equally Kateri Tekakwitha. The styles run the whole spectrum from Baroque to Post-mod.

Literature [edit]

Numerous authors followed the influx of specialists in the visual arts. Well-known writers like D. H. Lawrence, Cormac McCarthy, Michael Tobias, Kate Braverman, Douglas Adams, Tony Hillerman, Roger Zelazny, Alice Corbin Henderson, Mary Austin, Witter Bynner, Dan Flores, Paul Horgan, Rudolfo Anaya, George R. R. Martin, Mitch Cullin, David Morrell, Evan S. Connell, Richard Bradford, John Masters, Jack Schaefer, Hampton Sides, Ariel Gore and Michael McGarrity are or were residents of Santa Iron. Walker Percy lived on a dude ranch outside of Santa Atomic number 26 before returning to Louisiana to begin his literary career.^[52]

Media [edit]

Santa Fe'southward daily newspaper is the Santa Iron New Mexican and each Friday, it publishes Pasatiempo, its long-running calendar and commentary on arts and events. The Mag has been the arts mag of Santa Atomic number 26 since its founding by Guy Cross in 1992. Information technology publishes critical reviews and profiles New Mexico based artists monthly. Each Midweek the alternative weekly newspaper, the Santa Fe Reporter, publishes information on the arts and culture of Santa Fe.

Video games [edit]

The 2006 racing video game Need For Speed: Carbon has an unused part of its Palmont Urban center setting called San Juan, which you briefly play in, in the tutorial for the game's career mode. The San Juan setting is very loosely based on Santa Fe. It has New Mexico flags all over the roads.^{[ citation needed ]}

The Crew
The Crew 2

Music, dance, and opera [edit]

Interior of the Crosby Theatre at the Santa Fe Opera, from the mezzanine

Performance Santa Atomic number 26, formerly the Santa Iron Concert Association, is the oldest presenting organisation in Santa Iron. Founded in 1937, Functioning Santa Fe brings historic and legendary musicians every bit well equally some of the world's greatest dancers and actors to the urban center yr-round.^[53] The Santa Fe Opera stages its productions betwixt late June and late August each year. The city also hosts the Santa Fe Bedroom Music Festival which is held at about the same time, mostly in the St. Francis Auditorium and in the Lensic Theater. Likewise in July and August, the Santa Fe Desert Chorale holds its summertime festival. Santa Atomic number 26 has its ain professional ballet company, Aspen Santa Fe Ballet, which performs in both cities and tours nationally and internationally. Santa Fe is too habitation to internationally acclaimed Flamenco dancer's María Benítez Establish for Spanish Arts which offers programs and functioning in Flamenco, Castilian Guitar and like arts twelvemonth round. Other notable local figures include the National Dance Establish of New Mexico and German New Historic period musician Deuter.

Museums [edit]

Panoramic view from East. Palace Ave., with Cathedral Park and Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi (left), and Museum of Contemporary Native Arts (right)

Santa Fe has many museums located near the downtown Plaza:

New Mexico Museum of Art – collections of modern and contemporary Southwestern art
Museum of Gimmicky Native Arts – gimmicky Native American arts with political aspects
Georgia O'Keeffe Museum – devoted to the work of O'Keeffe and others whom she influenced
New Mexico History Museum – located behind the Palace of the Governors
Site Santa Fe – a gimmicky fine art infinite

Several other museums are located in the area known equally Museum Colina:^[54]

Museum of International Folk Art – folk art from around the world
Museum of Indian Arts and Culture – Native American arts
Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian – Native American art and history
Museum of Castilian Colonial Art – Tradition arts from the Spanish-colonial era to gimmicky times.^[55]

Sports [edit]

The New United mexican states Style were an American Basketball Association franchise founded in 2005, merely reformed in Texas for the 2007–08 season as the El Paso South'ol (which folded without playing an ABA game in their new city). The Santa Fe Roadrunners were a North American Hockey League team, simply moved to Kansas to become the Topeka Roadrunners. Santa Atomic number 26's rodeo, the Rodeo De Santa Atomic number 26, is held annually the last week of June.^[56] In May 2012, Santa Fe became the home of the Santa Fe Fuego of the Pecos League of Professional Baseball Clubs. They play their home games at Fort Marcy Ballfield. Horse racing events were held at The Downs at Santa Fe from 1971 until 1997.

Government [edit]

City of Santa Fe Executive Co-operative ^[57]
Mayor	Alan Webber
Mayor Pro-Tem	Peter Ives
City manager	Brian Snyder
City attorney	Kelley Brennan (interim)^[58]
City clerk	Yolanda Y. Vigil, CMC
Municipal judge	Ann Yalman
Chief of police	Patrick Gallagher^[59]
Burn down primary	Erik Litzenberg
City councilors	Signe Lindel, Renee Villareal, Peter Ives, Joseph Maestas, Carmichael Domiguez, Christopher Rivera, Ronald S. Trujillo, Michael Harris

The city of Santa Fe is a charter city.^[60] It is governed past a mayor-council organisation. The city is divided into iv electoral districts, each represented by two councilors. Councilors are elected to staggered iv-yr terms and one councilor from each district is elected every 2 years.^[lx] ^{: Commodity Half dozen}

The municipal judgeship is an elected position and a requirement of the holder is that they be a fellow member of the country bar. The guess is elected to 4-twelvemonth terms.^[60] ^{: Article Vii}

The mayor is the principal executive officer of the metropolis and is a fellow member of the governing body. The mayor has numerous powers and duties, and while previously the mayor could but vote when there was a tie among the city council, the metropolis charter was amended by referendum in 2014 to allow the mayor to vote on all matters in front of the council. Starting in 2018, the position of mayor volition be a full-time professional paid position within city government.^[60] ^{: Article 5} Day-to-day operations of the municipality are undertaken by the metropolis director's office.^[sixty] ^{: Commodity 8}

Federal operations [edit]

The Joseph Thousand. Montoya Federal Edifice and Postal service Part serves as an office for U.S. federal government operations. Information technology as well contains the primary United states Post mail service function in the metropolis.^[61] Other post offices in the Santa Fe metropolis limits include Coronado,^[62] De Vargas Mall,^[63] and Santa Fe Place Mall.^[64] The U.South. Courthouse edifice, synthetic in 1889, was added to the National Register of Celebrated Places in 1973.^[65]

Tourism [edit]

Touch the country [of New Mexico] and you lot will never be the same once again.

San Miguel Chapel in Santa Fe is said to exist the oldest continuing church building structure in the U.S. The adobe walls were constructed effectually A.D. 1610.

Tourism is a major element of the Santa Atomic number 26 economy, with visitors attracted year-circular past the climate and related outdoor activities (such as skiing in years of adequate snowfall; hiking in other seasons) plus cultural activities of the city and the region. Tourism information is provided past the convention and visitor bureau^[67] and the chamber of commerce.^[68]

About tourist activeness takes place in the celebrated downtown, especially on and around the Plaza, a ane-cake foursquare adjacent to the Palace of the Governors, the original seat of New Mexico's territorial government since the time of Castilian colonization. Other areas include "Museum Hill", the site of the major art museums of the city every bit well equally the Santa Fe International Folk Art Market place, which takes place each year during the second total weekend of July. The Canyon Road arts area with its galleries is also a major allure for locals and visitors alike.

Some visitors discover Santa Iron peculiarly attractive around the 2nd week of September when the aspens in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains turn yellow and the skies are clear and blue. This is also the fourth dimension of the annual Fiestas de Santa Fe, celebrating the "reconquering" of Santa Fe by Don Diego de Vargas, a highlight of which is the burning Zozobra ("Old Man Gloom"), a l-foot (15 m) marionette.

Pop day trips in the Santa Fe surface area include locations such equally the town of Taos, about 70 mi (113 km) north of Santa Atomic number 26. The historic Bandelier National Monument and the Valles Caldera can be found about thirty mi (48 km) away. Santa Fe's ski resort, Ski Santa Fe, is well-nigh 16 mi (26 km) northeast of the city. Chimayo is as well nearby and many locals consummate the almanac pilgrimage to the Santuario de Chimayo.

Science and technology [edit]

Santa Fe has had an association with science and engineering since 1943 when the boondocks served as the gateway to Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), a 45-minute bulldoze from the city. In 1984, the Santa Fe Institute (SFI) was founded to enquiry complex systems in the physical, biological, economic, and political sciences. It has hosted such Nobel laureates as Murray Gell-Mann (physics), Philip Warren Anderson (physics), and Kenneth Arrow (economics). The National Eye for Genome Resources (NCGR)^[69] was founded in 1994 to focus on inquiry at the intersection amid bioscience, calculating, and mathematics. In the 1990s and 2000s several technology companies formed to commercialize technologies from LANL, SFI and NCGR.

Due to the presence of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories and the Santa Fe Institute, and because of its attractiveness for visitors and an established tourist industry, Santa Fe routinely serves as a host to a variety of scientific meetings, summertime schools, and public lectures, such as International q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing, Santa Fe Institute's Complex Systems Summer School,^[70] and LANL's Center For Nonlinear Studies^[71] Annual Conference.

Education [edit]

The Santa Iron Public Library, located downtown, 2009

Santa Fe has iii public high schools:

Santa Atomic number 26 High School (one,500 students)
Uppercase Loftier School (i,300 students)
New United mexican states School for the Arts (200 students)

Public schools in Santa Fe are operated by Santa Atomic number 26 Public Schools, with the exception of the New Mexico School for the Arts, which is a public/individual partnership comprising the NMSA-Art Establish, a nonprofit art educational institution, and NMSA-Charter School, an accredited New Mexico country charter loftier school.

The city'due south institutions of higher instruction include St. John's College, a liberal arts college; the Institute of American Indian Arts, a tribal college for Native American arts; Southwestern College, a graduate school for counseling and art therapy; and Santa Iron Community College.

The urban center has six private higher preparatory loftier schools: Santa Fe Waldorf School,^[72] St. Michael's High School, Desert University,^[73] New United mexican states School for the Deaf, Santa Fe Secondary School, Santa Iron Preparatory Schoolhouse, and the Mandela International Magnet School. The Santa Fe Indian School is an off-reservation schoolhouse for Native Americans. Santa Fe is too the location of the New Mexico School for the Arts, a public-private partnership, arts-focused high school. The metropolis has many private simple schools as well, including Picayune Earth School,^[74] Santa Fe International Elementary School,^[75] Rio Grande School, Desert Montessori School,^[76] La Mariposa Montessori, The Tara School, Fayette Street Academy, The Santa Fe Girls' School, The University for the Love of Learning, and Santa Fe School for the Arts and Sciences.

Transportation [edit]

Air [edit]

Santa Fe is served by the Santa Fe Municipal Airport. American Airlines provides regional jet service to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airdrome and Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. United Airlines has regional jet service to Denver International Airport.

Road [edit]

Santa Fe is located on I-25. In add-on, U.S. Routes 84 and 285 pass through the urban center, forth St. Francis Drive. NM-599 forms a express-admission route bypass around the northwestern office of the city.

In its primeval alignment (1926–1937), U.Due south. Route 66 ran through Santa Fe.^[77]

Public transportation [edit]

Santa Fe Trails, run by the city, operates a number of passenger vehicle routes within the city during business concern hours and also provides connections to regional transit.

The New United mexican states Rail Runner Express is a driver runway service operating in Valencia, Bernalillo (including Albuquerque), Sandoval, and Santa Fe Counties. In Santa Atomic number 26 County, the service uses eighteen miles (29 km) of new right-of-fashion connecting the BNSF Railway's quondam transcontinental mainline to existing right-of-fashion in Santa Iron used by the Santa Fe Southern Railway. Santa Fe is currently served by four stations, Santa Fe Depot, South Capitol, Zia Route, and Santa Atomic number 26 County/NM 599.

New Mexico Park and Ride, a division of the New Mexico Department of Transportation, and the N Key Regional Transit Commune operate primarily weekday driver autobus/bus service to Santa Fe from Torrance, Rio Arriba, Taos, San Miguel and Los Alamos Counties in addition to shuttle services within Santa Iron connecting major regime activity centers.^[78] ^[79] Prior to the Track Runner'southward extension to Santa Iron, Park and Ride operated commuter coach service between Albuquerque and Santa Atomic number 26.

Greyhound Lines serves Santa Iron on its route from Denver to El Paso, Texas. Groome Transportation provides shuttles betwixt Santa Fe and the Albuquerque International Sunport.^[lxxx]

Rails [edit]

Along with the New United mexican states Rail Runner Express, a commuter rail line serving the metropolitan areas of Albuquerque and Santa Fe, the city or its environs are served by two other railroads. The Santa Atomic number 26 Southern Railway, now mostly a tourist rails experience only likewise conveying freight, operates circuit services out of Santa Iron every bit far every bit Lamy, 15 miles (24 km) to the southeast. The Santa Fe Southern line is one of the The states' few rails with trails. Lamy is besides served past Amtrak's daily Southwest Chief for train service to Chicago, Los Angeles, and intermediate points. Passengers transiting Lamy may utilize a special connecting coach/van service to achieve Santa Fe.

Trails [edit]

Multi-use bicycle, pedestrian, and equestrian trails are increasingly pop in Santa Iron, for both recreation and commuting. These include the Dale Ball Trails, a 24.iv-mile (39.iii km) network starting within two miles (3.2 km) of the Santa Fe Plaza; the long Santa Iron Rail Trail to Lamy; the Atalaya Trail up Atalaya Mountain; and the Santa Fe River Trail. Santa Fe is the terminus of iii National Historic Trails: El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail, the Old Spanish National Celebrated Trail, and the Santa Fe National Historic Trail.

Sister cities and twin towns [edit]

Santa Fe'southward sister cities are:^[81]

Bukhara, Bukhara Region, Uzbekistan (1988)
Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico (1984)
Holguín, Holguín Province, Cuba (2001)
Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, South korea (2013)
Livingstone, Southern Province, Zambia (2012)
San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico (1992)
Santa Iron, Granada Province, Spain (1983)
Sorrento, Campania, Italy (1995)
Tsuyama, Okayama, Japan (1992)
Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China (2009)

Notable people [edit]

Fashion designer and filmmaker Tom Ford was raised in Santa Atomic number 26 later on moving from Texas.

David Due west. Alexander (1812–1886), Los Angeles politician and sheriff
Antonio Armijo (1804–1850), explorer and merchant who led the first commercial caravan between Santa Fe, Nuevo México and Los Angeles, Alta California in 1829–1830
Mary Hunter Austin (1868–1934), author
Gustave Baumann (1881–1971), print-maker, marionette-maker and painter; resident artist for more fifty years; died in Santa Fe
William Berra (built-in 1952), painter
Florence Birdwell (1924–2021), musician, teacher
Merrill Brockway (1923–2013), Emmy Award-winning producer, director
Dana Tai Soon Burgess (born 1968), dancer, choreographer
Paul Burlin (1886–1969), modern and abstruse expressionist painter
Witter Bynner (1881–1968), poet
Julia Cameron (1948), author of The Artist'due south Way
Dana B. Hunt (1848–1897), photographer
Zach Condon (built-in 1986), lead singer and songwriter of band Beirut
Bronson Thousand. Cutting (1888–1935), politico, newspaper publisher and military attaché
Chris Eyre (born 1968), actor, manager
Jane Fonda (built-in 1937), extra; owner of Forked Lightning Ranch^[82]
Tom Ford (born 1961), fashion designer^[83]

Actress Anna Gunn moved to Santa Atomic number 26 from Oklahoma during her childhood.

Garance Franke-Ruta (born 1972), journalist
T. Charles Gaastra (1879–1947), builder in the Pueblo Revival Style
Greer Garson (1904–1996), actress and philanthropist
Laura Gilpin, (1891–1979), photographer and author
John Grubesic (born 1965), New Mexico State Senator, representing the 25th District equally a Democrat
Anna Gunn (born 1968), Emmy-winning extra
Gene Hackman (born 1930), Oscar-winning actor
Edgar Lee Hewett (1865–1946), archeologist and anthropologist^[84]
Dorothy B. Hughes (1904–1993), novelist and literary critic
John Brinckerhoff Jackson (1909–1996), landscape architect
Jeffe Kennedy, writer
Matt King, creative person, co-founder of Meow Wolf^[85]
Jean Kraft (1927–2021), operatic vocalist (mezzo-soprano)

Oliver La Farge (1901–1963), writer
Jean Baptiste LeLande (1778–1821), merchant
Jean-Baptiste Lamy (1814–1888), get-go Archbishop of Santa Fe
Marjorie Herrera Lewis (born 1957), writer
Ali MacGraw (born 1939), actress
Shirley MacLaine (born 1934), actress^[86]
George R. R. Martin (born 1948), author and screenwriter, Game of Thrones
Cormac McCarthy (born 1933), writer, winner of Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
Christine McHorse (1948–2021), ceramic artist
Dorothy McKibbin (1897–1985), gatekeeper and point-of-contact for personnel at the Manhattan Projection
John Gaw Meem (1894–1983) Architect who popularized the Pueblo Revival way
Sylvanus Morley (1883–1948), archeologist and Mayanist
John Nieto (1936–2018), gimmicky artist
Jesse L. Nusbaum (1887–1975), archaeologist, anthropologist, lensman and National Park Service Superintendent
Georgia O'Keeffe (1887–1986), artist, winner of National Medal of Arts
Elliot Porter (1901–1990), photographer
Robert Redford (built-in 1936), actor, manager^[87]
Wendy Rule (born 1966) Australian-born musician
Hib Sabin (born 1935), ethnic-manner sculptor
Manuel de Sandoval, colonial governor of Texas. He was the only native of New United mexican states that governed Castilian Texas
Brad Sherwood (born 1964), actor and comedian
Wes Studi (born 1947), thespian and musician
Teal Swan (born 1984), spiritual guru and author
Sheri S. Tepper (1929–2016), writer^[88]
Charlene Teters (born 1952), artist, activist
Michael Charles Tobias (born 1951), author and global ecologist
Stanislaw Ulam (1909–1984), mathematician associated with the Manhattan Projection
Jeremy Ray Valdez (built-in 1980), actor
Lew Wallace (1827–1905), territorial governor 1878–1881, and author of Ben-Hur
Tuesday Weld (born 1943), actress^[89]
Josh West (born 1977), Olympic medalist rower and Globe Sciences professor
Roger Zelazny (1937–1995), writer
Pinchas Zukerman (built-in 1948), violinist, conductor^[89]

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^ "New United mexican states Park and Ride Schedule" (PDF). New United mexican states Department of Transportation. December 22, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
^ "NCRTD Motorbus Routes Overview". North Central Regional Transit District. Retrieved March 23, 2009. ^{[ dead link ]}
^ "Santa Fe Shuttle – Groome Transportation".
^ "Sister Cities". City of Santa Atomic number 26. Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
^ Annette Tapert (Feb 28, 2014). "Jane Fonda's New Mexico Ranch". Architectural Digest.
^ Bear, Rob (Dec 12, 2013). "The Homes of Fashion Designer and Picture show Managing director Tom Ford". Curbed. Archived from the original on Oct 1, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
^ "Dr. Edgar 50. Hewett Dies in Albuquerque". Santa Iron New Mexican. December 31, 1946. Retrieved May 11, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Adams, Abagail (12 July 2022). "Matt Male monarch, Co-Founder of Popular Fine art Experience Meow Wolf, Dies at 37: 'Community Is Devastated'". People Magazine . Retrieved thirteen July 2022.
^ Taylor, Candace (November 18, 2014). "Shirley MacLaine Ignores Psychics, Lists New Mexico Ranch for $eighteen Million". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on October 20, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
^ Taylor, Candace (September 14, 2018). "The non-quite retiring Robert Redford". CNBC News. Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved Oct x, 2018.
^ "Almost Ms. Tepper – Sheri Due south. Tepper". January 21, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-01-21. Retrieved Oct 10, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Stephen Wigler (July 7, 1996). "Leading The Style Music". The Baltimore Sun.

External links [edit]

Official website
Santa Iron Convention & Visitors Agency official tourism website
Santa Fe Chamber of Commerce
"Santa Iron, New United mexican states". C-Bridge Cities Tour. February 2013.